Australian natives
The various Indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, such as those of Tasmania, Fraser Island, Hinchinbrook Island, the Tiwi Islands, and Groote Eylandt, are considered to be Aboriginal Australians. The Torres Strait Islands are not included in this definition. Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders are referred to jointly as "Indigenous Australians." When both groups are being discussed, it is typically used. Despite substantial cultural interchange with some of the Aboriginal groups, Torres Strait Islanders maintain their unique ethnicity and culture. While being largely a part of Queensland, the Torres Strait Islands are governed differently.
Indigenous Australians are a diverse group of people who have lived in Australia for over 50,000 years. These peoples have a genetic background that is broadly shared but complex; nonetheless, only in the last 200 years have they been identified and begun to self-identify as a single group. Australian Aboriginal identity has evolved across time and space, with varied weights placed on community acceptability, self-identification, and family history.
Before the land was flooded at the beginning of the Holocene interglacial period, approximately 11,700 years ago, Aboriginal Australians lived throughout a significant portion of the continental shelf and were isolated on many of the smaller offshore islands as well as Tasmania. The genetic makeup of Aboriginal groups is still being studied, but evidence suggests that they share some genetic similarities with Papuans but have been isolated from Southeast Asia for a very long time. They also share some genetic similarities with ancient Asians but not with more modern peoples. There were around 250 Native languages before widespread European contact.
Indigenous Australians made up 3.3% of the country's population in 2016, with 91% of them identifying only as Aboriginal, 5% as Torres Strait Islander, and 4% as both. They are also scattered over the globe as members of the Australian diaspora.
In comparison to the rest of Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people suffer from a number of health and economic disadvantages.
Aboriginal words and phrases are added to English by the majority of Aboriginal people to produce Australian Aboriginal English (which also has a tangible influence of Aboriginal languages in the phonology and grammatical structure).
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