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               Imperial Japan      The monarch and head of the Japanese Royal Family is known as the Emperor. According to the Japanese Constitution, he is the representation of the nation's unity and the state, and his position derives from "the will of the people with whom sovereign power resides." The imperial succession is governed by Imperial Household Law. The Japanese Supreme Court has no authority to bring charges against the emperor. He serves as the supreme leader of the Shinto faith [4]. The name Tenn (pronounced [tenno]), which means "Emperor of heaven" or "Heavenly Sovereign," is used to refer to the emperor in Japanese.           The Yamato Dynasty, also known as the Imperial House of Japan, has its historical roots in the late Kofun period, which lasted from the third to the sixth centuries AD. It is one of the oldest dynasties in the world. The mythical narratives of the Kojiki and Nihon...
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            Borobudur

       Philosophy & Religion at orobudur

Sacred Spaces

Monument in Borobudur, Java, Indonesia

Other names: Barabuur, Baraboedoer

Written by Last Updated: February 15, 2023, who verified the facts. • History of Article

Borobudur

Borobudur

The enormous Buddhist structure known as Borobudur, often spelled Barabuur or Baraboedoer, is located in central Java, Indonesia, 26 miles (42 km) northwest of Yogyakarta. The Borobudur monument combines the mandala, temple mountain, and stupa, which are all symbolic representations of Mount Meru from Hindu mythology. Stupas are Buddhist memorial mounds that typically house holy relics (a mystic Buddhist symbol of the universe, combining the square as earth and the circle as heaven). Indian Gupta and post-Gupta art had an effect on the architecture of Borobudur. In 1991, the monument received the UNESCO World Heritage designation. 

       Between 778 and 850 CE, under the Shailendra dynasty, Borobudur was built. From around 1000, it was covered in volcanic ash, and until the English lieutenant governor Thomas Stamford Raffles made his discovery there in 1814, it was overgrown with flora. In 1907–1911 a group of Dutch archaeologists renovated the location. By 1983, a second restoration was finished. 

        Borobudur is a stepped pyramid-shaped structure that was constructed with about 2,000,000 cubic feet (56,600 cubic meters) of gray volcanic stone. It has three major levels: a square base, a middle level of five square terraces, and an upper level of three circular terraces, giving it a total of nine smaller sections (the number nine is mystic in Buddhism). The center is made up of a sizable solitary stupa that is located 115 feet (35 meters) above the foundation. 

           Dictionary Britannica

Home of Philosophy & Religion at Borobudur

Sacred Spaces

Monument in Borobudur, Java, Indonesia

Other names: Barabuur, Baraboedoer

Written by Last Updated: February 15, 2023, who verified the facts. • History of Article

Borobudur

Borobudur

The enormous Buddhist structure known as Borobudur, often spelled Barabuur or Baraboedoer, is located in central Java, Indonesia, 26 miles (42 km) northwest of Yogyakarta. The Borobudur monument combines the mandala, temple mountain, and stupa, which are all symbolic representations of Mount Meru from Hindu mythology. Stupas are Buddhist memorial mounds that typically house holy relics (a mystic Buddhist symbol of the universe, combining the square as earth and the circle as heaven). Indian Gupta and post-Gupta art had an effect on the architecture of Borobudur.  

       A pilgrim begins at the eastern stairway and travels clockwise around each of the monument's nine levels before reaching the top, a distance of more than three miles. Each of the monument's three main levels represents a step on the path to the bodhisattva ideal of enlightenment (5 km). Numerous reliefs depicting materialistic desires can be found on the lowest, partially hidden level. These depictions serve to illustrate kama-dhatu, or "the realm of feeling," the lowest level in the Mahayana Buddhist cosmos. 


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